ANSWERS+TO+THE+1970S+STUDY+GUIDE

** ANYONE CAUGHT JUST PRINTING THIS OUT ** ** __WILL NOT HAVE ANY NOTES OR RESOURCES THAT THEY CAN USE ON THE TEST__ ** (1969-1974) Richard M. Nixon (1974-1977) Gerald Ford (1977-1981) Jimmy Carter This man was the chief lawyer for the NAACP in 1952. **//__ THURGOOD MARSHALL __//** She inspired city bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama **__ ROSA PARKS __** This man said, "Ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country"? **//__ JFK __//** The leader was assassinated on April 4, 1968? **//__ MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. __//** The NAACP worked to end what? **__ SEGREGATION __** The arrest of Rosa Parks led to? **//__BUS BOYCOTT__//** Who was the leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference who emphasized nonviolent protests? **//__ MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. __//** Who was a leader of the Black Muslims who emphasized violent protests? **//__ MALCOLM X __//** Name an example of one political belief? **__DEMOCRACY, TOTALITARITISM, COMMUNISM, FACISM, SOCIALISM, ANARCHY__** What are examples of national interest? **__NATURAL RESOURCES, TRADE ROUTES, ALLIED TERRITORY, STOP THE SPREAD OF COMMUNISM, STOP TERRORISM, FEAR OF NUCLEAR WAR, IMPERIALISM__** To help Nixon follow the task of détente he hired who as his national security advisor? **__HENRY KISSINGER__** Did the United States recognize the People’s Republic of China in 1949 and Mao as their leader? **__NO__** One of the first steps in improving relationship between China and U.S. was with what U.S. sporting team visiting China? **__TABLE TENNIS, PING PONG__** The Soviet Leader that welcomed a Cold War thaw when Nixon visited in 1972, by saying, “There must be room in this world for two great nations with different systems to live and work together.” What is détente? **__TO EASE OR RELAX INTERNATIONAL TENSIONS__** The famous **__6 Day War__** of 1967, left Israel in control of the Gaza strip, Golan heights, and Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula. Tensions remained high between the Arabs and Israelis. As a result, war erupted again in 1973, when Egypt and Syria attacked Israel to regain the land that they lost. The attack happened on a major Jewish holiday, the conflict became known as the **__YOM KIPPUR WAR__** Angered that the United States supported Israel, Arab oil-producing states placed an embargo on the United States. What is an embargo? **TO STOP SUPPLYING A NATION WITH A CERTAIN GOOD OR RESOURCE** What happened in the United States because of the oil embargo? **ENERGY CRISIS** What was shuttle diplomacy? **__international negotiations conducted by a mediator who frequently flies back and forth between the negotiating parties__** The Nixon administration continued the effort to halt the spread of communism in Latin America. Why did the United States oppose Chile’s Salvador Allende? **__HE WANTED TO TURN CHILE INTO A COMMUNIST SOCIETY__** What American lead agency helped assassinate Allende? **__CIA__** Name one of the goals of New Federalism? **__ political philosophy of [|devolution], or of transfer of certain powers from the [|United States]  [|federal government] to the [|states]. __** What is tight money policy and what was the outcome in the 1970s? During Nixon’s second term, severe economic problems confronted the nation, what was this called? **__Economic crisis__** During his second term, President Nixon was involved in a political scandal that forced him to resign. What was this called? **__WATERGATE__** Which President took over after Nixon? GERALD FORD
 * PLEASE FILL OUT YOUR STUDY GUIDE – **
 * TEST REVIEW **
 * Please place the presidents in their correct order **
 * Civil Rights **
 * American Journey Chapter 30 **
 * __TRUE__** By Nixon’s presidency, China distrusted the Soviet Union, and since the 1960s, disagreements had developed between the Communist World.
 * __TRUE__** Since the founding of the Jewish state of Israel in 1948, the U.S. had supported Israel in it struggles against its Arab neighbors.
 * __ The Fed will "make money tight" by raising short-term interest rates (also known as the Fed funds, or discount rate), which increases the cost of borrowing and effectively reduces its attractiveness. __**
 * __No__** President Nixon was impeached and went through the impeachment trial in the House of Representatives.

President Nixon sought to ease Cold War tensions by improving relations with the SOVIET UNION and CHINA. Behind the Iron Curtain, President Nixon intended to leave his mark on foreign policy. Nixon attempted to relax international tensions in a policy known as DÉTENTE Nixon realized that this policy would work only if a BALANCE OF POWER existed. Nixon was the first president to visit communist China and his trip their marked the first time formal contact was made in over 25 years. This was accompanied by agreements by both sides working together called PING PONG DIPLOMACY. The goals of Détente was to reduce nuclear war, cut back on the military budget and the Soviet Union, the United States and China all signed the Strategic Arms Limitations agreement, better known as SALT Nixon’s foreign policy included easing Arab-Israeli tensions in the Middle East. Since the founding of the Jewish state of Israel in 1948, the has supported Israel in its struggles against its Arab neighbors. In 1967, Egyptian forces closed a key waterway and supply route and massed its troops on the Israeli border. Within 6 DAYS Israel wiped out the air forces of its Arab neighbors and won the war. Israel took possession of the Gaza strip, the Golan heights and the Sinai Peninsula. Six years later Egypt and other Arab forces invaded on the Jewish holiday of YOM KIPPUR Israel fought back after early defeats and held on to the conquered lands from the 6 day war. The Soviets helped the Arabs in their supply of weapons. Angered by the U.S. support of Israel, Arab oil-producing states and members of OPEC placed an EMBARGO against the United States creating an energy crisis, and oil shortage. Until the late 1970s no Arab nation had recognized Israel as a nation. In 1977, Egyptian president Anwar Sadat declares that Egypt wants peace with Israel. To help facilitate this historic peace agreement JIMMY CARTER invited both countries to America and the three leaders reached a peace agreement and signed a treaty called the CAMP DAVID ACCORDS.
 * Summary of the 1970s **

** Middle East ** What is the global perception of Islamic people? TERRORIST Who founded the Islamic religion? MUHAMMUD What is the “Holy Bible” of the Islamic religion? QURAN What is one of the major sects of Islam? **__ Sunnis. Ahmadiyya, Shi'a, Sufism __** What is the haj? **PIGRAMAGE TO MECCA** How many haj’s must a Muslim believer perform in a lifetime? **ONCE** What was the outcome of the 6 day war? More refugees, and Israel taking over the Sinai peninsula Why was Ayatollah Khomeini and his supporters hostile to the U.S.?. American leaders supported the shah How long were the hostages in Iran kept in captivity? 444 Days